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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medication is the first treatment of choice for ADHD. They have a long history of high response, excellent tolerability and safety across the lifespan. It is important to determine the appropriate dosage and medication that alleviates your child's or your own symptoms without side adverse effects. This can take a lot trial and error, as and a clear dialogue with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are substances that enhance the activity of the central nervous system. They are widely used as stimulants for cognitive enhancement and performance by students, athletes, artists, and workers. They also serve to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as narcolepsy, binge eating disorder, and some anxiety disorders. The most common stimulant medications are methylphenidates and amphetamines. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in both extended-release and immediate-release formulations. The immediate-release medication is usually taken every 4 hours as required. They can trigger sudden, temporary decrease in energy called a crash once they wear off. The crash can cause extreme craving, mood swings and fatigue. Immediate-release medications can also raise blood pressure and heartbeat in certain people. This is particularly true when they do not eat enough. Extended-release drugs are designed to release their active ingredients over a time of 8-16 hours. This type of medication can be prescribed by your physician when you're looking for long-lasting symptoms control without taking pills frequently throughout the day. Methylphenidate products that fall into the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Another alternative is the long-acting methylphenidate patch known as Daytrana that adheres to the skin like a bandage and lasts throughout the day. This type of medication is available to adults who have ADHD and need daily doses that last longer than the immediate-release options. Stimulant medications do not cure ADHD but it can help manage the symptoms by improving the way neurons in the brain communicate. They do this by affecting the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, like dopamine and norepinephrine, by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows more neurotransmitters to be released, and aids in ensuring that messages between neurons are more effectively transmitted and received. Doctors sometimes prescribe antidepressants in addition to stimulants for ADHD. Most antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD work on the norepinephrine and dopamine levels in your brain. One group, known as selective serotonin receptor inhibitors, is a good choice for those suffering from depression or anxiety. These medications are usually paired with stimulants to enhance their effectiveness. Your doctor may change between stimulant and non-stimulant medication if your current medication isn't working or has an unacceptably side effects. Long-acting Around 70% to 70% to with ADHD benefit from stimulants. They help reduce symptoms like the tendency to fidget and talk over others. They also help improve social skills and job performance. The stimulant drugs begin to work when they cross the blood-brain barrier which takes about 45 to 60 minutes. They increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels in brain cells, which reduces the impulsivity and hyperactivity. FDA-approved stimulant medications use two molecules: Methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). Stimulants can cause side reactions that include stomach upset, loss of appetite, increased blood pressure and heart rate headaches, as well as anxiety or nervousness. They can also make tics worse and may cause sleep issues in certain people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) can be used throughout the day and night, unlike short-acting medications that only last several hours. They can also help with other conditions like depression or anxiety. These medications work by changing how your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes which break down dopamine as well as other neurotransmitters inside the brain. These chemicals remain in the body for longer if not broken down. This can impact your behavior and your thinking. Long-acting drugs can have less side effects, and your doctor may prescribe them in smaller doses that you consume throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available in extended-release form that you can take daily. Adults may find this more convenient, but you should still keep in mind to take your stimulants each day. Other medications have been found to be effective in treating many adults with ADHD, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These are usually used for depression or anxiety, but they can also be prescribed for ADHD, and about 70% of people react. Bupropion, also called Wellbutrin, is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was shown to be more effective in a controlled trial than placebos. These medications can cause serious side effects, such as hearing ringing anxiety, and changes in heart and lung function. Short-acting The stimulant medication helps reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These two chemicals aid people to manage their behavior and stay focused. These drugs come in many different forms, and each has its own brand name, such as Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are add adhd medication of stimulant medicines such as the methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). They all have similar effects, but differ in the duration of their action. The methylphenidates are less effective; they can last for up to three hours, whereas amphetamines have longer-lasting effects. Certain people are tolerant of stimulant drugs better than others, and your doctor might prescribe them. It is essential to know everything you can about the medication that you are taking, including the possible side effects, how often it should be taken and any warnings specific to the medication that should be heeded. This will make it easier to work with your physician in determining the appropriate dosage and medication for you. These medications may also cause adverse side effects, like insomnia or a loss of appetite. If these occur, talk to your doctor about altering the dosage or using different medications. Adults with ADHD who do not respond well to stimulants could be treated with non-stimulant medicines that take longer to begin working but improve a person's ability to pay attention and manage impulses. These drugs may be prescribed either in combination or on their own. The first of these is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) that works by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal brain, which controls behavior. Another is guanfacine (brand name Intuniv) is a member to a class of medications known as alpha agonists. These drugs block Reuptake and increasing levels of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was originally designed to treat high blood pressure, has been proved to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations People suffering from ADHD use a variety of drug combinations. These include stimulants and depressant-type drugs such as Guanfacine and Clonidine. These drugs may influence a calming effect on the brain and help reduce symptoms like sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They also help to prevent withdrawal symptoms caused by stimulants. This combination could be dangerous however, when it is not utilized correctly. Serotonin Syndrome is a medical emergency that occurs when there is too much serotonin in the body. This combination may also increase blood pressure and heart rate. The risks of taking this medication are more pronounced for people with pre-existing conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease. Young adults and teens are increasingly using stimulant combinations. These drugs, which are sold in pharmacies, are often referred to by the term “legal highs”. These drugs are also sold on the black market. These substances are dangerous particularly when they are combined with alcohol or other substances. The use of polydrugs can be hazardous. Mixing drugs can cause unpredictable and harmful consequences. These include increased heart rate, slowed respiration, hallucinations, and paranoia. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy when it comes to treating ADHD according to a study. Combining medication increased adherence and allowed patients to get better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. A majority of patients, however, were unable to continue treatment due side effects. In a few instances it was reported that the medication was withdrawn due to sleep problems or worsening tics. This could be due to a poor diagnosis or a lack of medication. Nonstimulants are another treatment option for ADHD. These medications help improve attention span and impulse regulation, but not as well as stimulants. They are also less likely to block growth and affect appetite. Certain antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD however they are less likely of improving concentration and focus. Numerous studies have demonstrated that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be combined to produce superior results than either on its own. Combining these two medications helped improve the adherence of patients and decreased adverse effects for the majority of people. The combination was also successful in young adults and adolescents. This combination could be a viable option for children with severe ADHD.